Countries of Europe.

Europe is home to 44 sovereign states spread across roughly 10.2 million square kilometres, from the volcanic landscapes of Iceland in the northwest to the sun-drenched shores of Cyprus in the southeast. Despite being the second-smallest continent by area, Europe punches far above its weight in linguistic and cultural diversity. Its nations speak languages from at least five major families — Romance (French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian), Germanic (German, English, Dutch, Swedish, Norwegian), Slavic (Russian, Polish, Czech, Serbian, Ukrainian), Uralic (Finnish, Hungarian, Estonian) and Baltic (Latvian, Lithuanian) — plus isolates like Basque and Albanian.

Three distinct writing systems are in active daily use across the continent. The Latin alphabet dominates Western, Central and Northern Europe. The Cyrillic script is standard in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Bulgaria, Serbia, North Macedonia and Montenegro. Greece retains the Greek alphabet, the oldest European script still in continuous use. This typographic variety is reflected in country names: Germany calls itself Deutschland, Greece is Ελλαδα, and Russia is Россия.

The European Union, currently comprising 27 member states, has created a unique political and economic space with free movement of people, goods and capital. Yet Europe extends well beyond the EU: non-member states like Norway, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Serbia and Ukraine each maintain their own distinct identity and governance. Below you will find every European country listed alphabetically with its flag, native name and ISO code.