| eng |
definition |
origin |
| air |
a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and minute amounts of other gases that surrounds the earth and forms its atmosphere |
fro: air < lat: aerem < aer < grc: ἀήρ <-> ang: lyft, luft |
| and |
used to connect grammatically coordinate words, phrases, or clauses |
ang: and, ond |
| angel |
one of a class of spiritual beings; a celestial attendant of God; in medieval angelology, angels constituted the lowest of the nine celestial orders (seraphim, cherubim, thrones, dominations or dominions, virtues, powers, principalities or princedoms, archangels, and angels) |
ang: engel / fro: angele < lat: angelus < grc: ἂγγελος |
| animal |
any member of the kingdom Animalia, comprising multicellular organisms that have a well-defined shape and usually limited growth, can move voluntarily, actively acquire food and digest it internally, and have sensory and nervous systems that allow them to respond rapidly to stimuli |
lat: animale <-> ang: deor |
| ant |
any of numerous black, red, brown, or yellow social insects of the family Formicidae, of worldwide distribution esp. in warm climates, having a large head with inner jaws for chewing and outer jaws for carrying and digging, and living in highly organized colonies containing wingless female workers, a winged queen, and, during breeding seasons, winged males, some species being noted for engaging in warfare, slavemaking, or the cultivation of food sources |
ang: æmette |
| apple |
the usually round, red or yellow, edible fruit of a small tree, Malus sylvestris, of the rose family |
ang: æppel |
| arm |
the upper limb of the human body, esp. the part extending from the shoulder to the wrist |
ang: earm |
| arrow |
a slender, straight, generally pointed missile or weapon made to be shot from a bow and equipped with feathers at the end of the shaft near the nock, for controlling flight |
ang: arwan < earh |
| ash(es) |
the powdery residue of matter that remains after burning |
ang: æsce |
| autumn; fall |
the season between summer and winter; in the Northern Hemisphere it is from the September equinox to the December solstice; in the Southern Hemisphere it is from the March equinox to the June solstice |
fro: autumpne < lat: autumnus <-> ang: hærfest |
| axe |
a tool with a bladed, usually heavy head mounted crosswise on a handle, used for felling trees or chopping wood |
ang: æx < æces |
| eng |
definition |
origin |
| barley |
a widely distributed cereal plant belonging to the genus Hordeum, of the grass family, having awned flowers that grow in tightly bunched spikes, with three small additional spikes at each node |
ang: bærlic < bere |
| bear |
any of the plantigrade, carnivorous or omnivorous mammals of the family Ursidae, having massive bodies, coarse heavy fur, relatively short limbs, and almost rudimentary tails |
ang: bera |
| beard |
the growth of hair on the face of an adult man, often including a mustache |
ang: beard |
| bed |
a piece of furniture upon which or within which a person sleeps, rests, or stays when not well |
ang: bed |
| bee |
any hymenopterous insect of the superfamily Apoidea, including social and solitary species of several families, as the bumblebees, honeybees, etc. |
ang: beo |
| beer |
an alcoholic beverage made by brewing and fermentation from cereals, usually malted barley, and flavored with hops and the like for a slightly bitter taste |
ang: beor |
| big |
large, as in size, height, width, or amount |
unknown |
| bird |
any warm-blooded vertebrate of the class Aves, having a body covered with feathers, forelimbs modified into wings, scaly legs, a beak, and no teeth, and bearing young in a hard-shelled egg |
ang: bridd <-> ang: fugol |
| black |
lacking hue and brightness; absorbing light without reflecting any of the rays composing it |
ang: blæc |
| blood |
the fluid that circulates in the principal vascular system of human beings and other vertebrates, in humans consisting of plasma in which the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are suspended |
ang: blod |
| blue |
the pure color of a clear sky; the primary color between green and violet in the visible spectrum, an effect of light with a wavelength between 450 and 500 nm |
fro: bleu < frk: blao <-> ang: blaw |
| boat |
a vessel for transport by water, constructed to provide buoyancy by excluding water and shaped to give stability and permit propulsion |
ang: bat |
| body |
the physical structure and material substance of an animal or plant, living or dead |
ang: bodig |
| bone |
the hard connective tissue forming the substance of the skeleton of most vertebrates, composed of a collagen-rich organic matrix impregnated with calcium, phosphate, and other minerals |
ang: ban |
| book |
a written or printed work of fiction or nonfiction, usually on sheets of paper fastened or bound together within covers |
ang: boc |
| bread |
a kind of food made of flour or meal that has been mixed with milk or water, made into a dough or batter, with or without yeast or other leavening agent, and baked |
ang: bread |
| bridge |
a structure spanning and providing passage over a river, chasm, road, or the like |
ang: brycge |
| brother |
a male offspring having both parents in common with another offspring; a male sibling |
ang: broþor |
| brown |
a dark tertiary color with a yellowish or reddish hue |
ang: brun |
| bull |
the male of a bovine animal, esp. of the genus Bos, with sexual organs intact and capable of reproduction |
ang: bula |
| butterfly |
any of numerous diurnal insects of the order Lepidoptera, characterized by clubbed antennae, a slender body, and large, broad, often conspicuously marked wings |
ang: buttorfleoge |
| eng |
definition |
origin |
| camel |
either of two large, humped, ruminant quadrupeds of the genus Camelus |
ang: camel < lat: camelus < grc: κάμηλος < heb: גמל (gamal) |
| candle |
a long, usually slender piece of tallow or wax with an embedded wick that is burned to give light |
ang: candel < lat: candela |
| cat |
a small domesticated carnivore, Felis domestica or Felis catus, bred in a number of varieties |
ang: cat < lat: cattus |
| cheek |
either side of the face below the eye and above the jaw |
ang: ceace, cece |
| cheese |
the curd of milk separated from the whey and prepared in many ways as a food |
ang: cyse < lat: caseus |
| cherry |
the fruit of any of various trees belonging to the genus Prunus, of the rose family, consisting of a pulpy, globular drupe enclosing a one-seeded smooth stone |
xno: cherise (mistaken as pl.) < fro: cherise < vlat: *ceresia < grc: κεράσιον |
| child |
a person between birth and full growth; a boy or girl |
ang: cild |
| chin |
the lower extremity of the face, below the mouth |
ang: cin |
| city; town |
a thickly populated area, having fixed boundaries and certain local powers of government |
fro: cite < citet < lat: civitatem < civitas; ang: tun |
| cloud |
a visible collection of particles of water or ice suspended in the air, usually at an elevation above the earth’s surface |
ang: clud <-> ang: weolcan |
| coal |
a black or dark-brown combustible mineral substance consisting of carbonized vegetable matter, used as a fuel |
ang: col |
| coffee |
a beverage consisting of a decoction or infusion of the roasted ground or crushed seeds (coffee beans) of the two-seeded fruit (coffee berry) of certain coffee trees |
ita: caffè < tur: kahve < ara: قهوة (qahwâ) |
| copper |
a malleable, ductile, metallic element having a characteristic reddish-brown color: used in large quantities as an electrical conductor and in the manufacture of alloys, as brass and bronze; symbol: Cu; atomic weight: 63.54; atomic number: 29; specific gravity: 8.92 at 20°C |
ang: coper < lat: cuprum < Cyprium (aes) < grc: Κύπριος |
| cotton |
a soft, white, downy substance consisting of the hairs or fibers attached to the seeds of plants belonging to the genus Gossypium, of the mallow family, used in making fabrics, thread, wadding, etc. |
fro: coton << ara: قطن (qutn) |
| cow |
the mature female of a bovine animal, esp. of the genus Bos |
ang: cu |
| crow |
any of several large oscine birds of the genus Corvus, of the family Corvidae, having a long, stout bill, lustrous black plumage, and a wedge-shaped tail |
ang: crawe |
| eng |
definition |
origin |
| daughter |
a female child or person in relation to her parents |
ang: dohtor |
| day |
the interval of light between two successive nights; the time between sunrise and sunset |
ang: dæg |
| death |
the act of dying; the end of life; the total and permanent cessation of all the vital functions of an organism |
ang: deað |
| desert |
a region so arid because of little rainfall that it supports only sparse and widely spaced vegetation or no vegetation at all |
fro: desert < lat: desertum |
| dictionary |
a book containing a selection of the words of a language, usually arranged alphabetically, giving information about their meanings, pronunciations, etymologies, inflected forms, etc., expressed in either the same or another language; lexicon |
mlat: dictionarium |
| dog |
any carnivore of the dog family Canidae, having prominent canine teeth and, in the wild state, a long and slender muzzle, a deep-chested muscular body, a bushy tail, and large, erect ears |
ang: docga <-> ang: hund |
| donkey; ass |
a long-eared, slow, patient, sure-footed domesticated mammal, Equus asinus, related to the horse, used chiefly as a beast of burden |
unknown; ang: assa <? sga: *as(s)in < lat: asinus |
| drop |
a small quantity of liquid that falls or is produced in a more or less spherical mass; a liquid globule |
ang: dropa |
| duck |
any of numerous wild or domesticated web-footed swimming birds of the family Anatidae, esp. of the genus Anas and allied genera, characterized by a broad, flat bill, short legs, and depressed body |
ang: duce <-> ang: ened |
| eng |
definition |
origin |
| eagle |
any of several large, soaring birds of prey belonging to the hawk family Accipitridae, noted for their size, strength, and powers of flight and vision |
fro: egle < pro: aigla < lat: aquila <-> ang: erne |
| ear |
the organ of hearing and equilibrium in vertebrates, in humans consisting of an external ear that gathers sound vibrations, a middle ear in which the vibrations resonate against the tympanic membrane, and a fluid-filled internal ear that maintains balance and that conducts the tympanic vibrations to the auditory nerve, which transmits them as impulses to the brain |
ang: eare |
| egg |
the roundish reproductive body produced by the female of certain animals, as birds and most reptiles, consisting of an ovum and its envelope of albumen, jelly, membranes, egg case, or shell, according to species |
non: egg <-> ang: æg |
| elephant |
either of two large, five-toed pachyderms of the family Elephantidae, characterized by a long, prehensile trunk formed of the nose and upper lip, including Loxodonta africana (African elephant), with enormous flapping ears, two fingerlike projections at the end of the trunk, and ivory tusks, and Elephas maximus (Indian elephant), with smaller ears, one projection at the end of the trunk, and ivory tusks almost exclusively in males |
fro: oliphant < lat: elephantus < grc: ἐλέφας |
| enemy |
a person who feels hatred for, fosters harmful designs against, or engages in antagonistic activities against another; an adversary or opponent |
fro: enemi < lat: inimicus <-> ang: feond |
| evening |
the latter part of the day and early part of the night |
ang: æfnung < æfnian < æfen |
| eye |
the organ of sight, in vertebrates typically one of a pair of spherical bodies contained in an orbit of the skull and in humans appearing externally as a dense, white, curved membrane, or sclera, surrounding a circular, colored portion, or iris, that is covered by a clear, curved membrane, or cornea, and in the center of which is an opening, or pupil, through which light passes to the retina |
ang: ege, eage |
| eng |
definition |
origin |
| face |
the front part of the head, from the forehead to the chin |
fro: face < vlat: *facia < lat: facies <-> ang: andwlita |
| family |
parents and their children, considered as a group, whether dwelling together or not |
lat: familia <-> ang: hiwscipe |
| father |
a male parent |
ang: fæder |
| fear |
a distressing emotion aroused by impending danger, evil, pain, etc., whether the threat is real or imagined; the feeling or condition of being afraid |
ang: fær <-> ang: ege; fyrhto |
| finger |
any of the terminal members of the hand, esp. one other than the thumb |
ang: fingor |
| fire |
a state, process, or instance of combustion in which fuel or other material is ignited and combined with oxygen, giving off light, heat, and flame |
ang: fyr |
| fish |
any of various cold-blooded, aquatic vertebrates, having gills, commonly fins, and typically an elongated body covered with scales |
ang: fisc |
| flea |
any of numerous small, wingless bloodsucking insects of the order Siphonaptera, parasitic upon mammals and birds and noted for their ability to leap |
ang: fleah |
| flour |
the finely ground meal of grain, esp. the finer meal separated by bolting |
fro: flor < lat: florem < flos <-> ang: melu |
| flower |
the blossom of a plant |
fro: flor < lat: florem < flos <-> ang: blostma |
| foot |
the terminal part of the leg, below the ankle joint, on which the body stands and moves |
ang: fot |
| forest; wood |
a large tract of land covered with trees and underbrush; woodland |
fro: forest <? lat: forestem silvam; ang: wudu < widu |
| fox |
any of several carnivores of the dog family, esp. those of the genus Vulpes, smaller than wolves, having a pointed, slightly upturned muzzle, erect ears, and a long, bushy tail |
ang: fox |
| friend |
a person attached to another by feelings of affection or personal regard |
ang: freond |
| frog |
any tailless, stout-bodied amphibian of the order Anura, including the smooth, moist-skinned frog species that live in a damp or semiaquatic habitat and the warty, drier-skinned toad species that are mostly terrestrial as adults |
ang: frogga < frox, forsc, frosc |
| eng |
definition |
origin |
| garden |
a plot of ground, usually near a house, where flowers, shrubs, vegetables, fruits, or herbs are cultivated |
fro: gardin < vlat: hortus gardinus < frk: *gardo |
| goat |
any of numerous agile, hollow-horned ruminants of the genus Capra, of the family Bovidae, closely related to the sheep, found native in rocky and mountainous regions of the Old World, and widely distributed in domesticated varieties |
ang: gat |
| god |
the one Supreme Being, the creator and ruler of the universe |
ang: god |
| gold |
a precious yellow metallic element, highly malleable and ductile, and not subject to oxidation or corrosion; symbol: Au; atomic weight: 196.967; atomic number: 79; specific gravity: 19.3 at 20°C |
ang: gold |
| goose |
any of numerous wild or domesticated, web-footed swimming birds of the family Anatidae, esp. of the genera Anser and Branta, most of which are larger and have a longer neck and legs than the ducks |
ang: gos |
| green |
of the color of growing foliage, between yellow and blue in the spectrum |
ang: grene < groeni |
| guest |
a person who spends some time at another person’s home in some social activity, as a visit, dinner, or party |
ang: gæst, giest + non: gestr |
| eng |
definition |
origin |
| hair |
any of the numerous fine, usually cylindrical, keratinous filaments growing from the skin of humans and animals |
ang: hær |
| hand |
the terminal, prehensile part of the upper limb in humans and other primates, consisting of the wrist, metacarpal area, fingers, and thumb |
ang: hond |
| head |
the upper part of the body in humans, joined to the trunk by the neck, containing the brain, eyes, ears, nose, and mouth |
ang: heafod |
| heart |
a hollow, pumplike organ of blood circulation, composed mainly of rhythmically contractile smooth muscle, located in the chest between the lungs and slightly to the left and consisting of four chambers: a right atrium that receives blood returning from the body via the superior and inferior vena cavae, a right ventricle that pumps the blood through the pulmonary artery to the lungs for oxygenation, a left atrium that receives the oxygenated blood via the pulmonary veins and passes it through the mitral valve,
and a left ventricle that pumps the oxygenated blood, via the aorta, throughout the body |
ang: heorte |
| hen |
the female of the domestic fowl |
ang: hen |
| honey |
a sweet, viscid fluid produced by bees from the nectar collected from flowers, and stored in nests or hives as food |
ang: hunig |
| horse |
a large, solid-hoofed, herbivorous quadruped, Equus caballus, domesticated since prehistoric times, bred in a number of varieties, and used for carrying or pulling loads, for riding, and for racing |
ang: hors <-> ang: eoh |
| hour |
a period of time equal to one twenty-fourth of a mean solar or civil day and equivalent to 60 minutes |
fro: hore < lat: hora < grc: ὣρα |
| house |
a building in which people live; residence for human beings |
ang: hus |
| human being |
any individual of the genus Homo, esp. a member of the species Homo sapiens |
frm: humain < lat: humanus <-> ang: man, mann |
| hunger |
a compelling need or desire for food |
ang: hungor |
| eng |
definition |
origin |
| I |
the nominative singular pronoun, used by a speaker in referring to himself or herself |
ang: ic |
| ice |
the solid form of water, produced by freezing; frozen water |
ang: is |
| iron |
a ductile, malleable, silver-white metallic element, scarcely known in a pure condition, but much used in its crude or impure carbon-containing forms for making tools, implements, machinery, etc.; symbol: Fe; atomic weight: 55.847; atomic number: 26; specific gravity: 7.86 at 20°C |
ang: isærn |
| island |
a tract of land completely surrounded by water, and not large enough to be called a continent |
ang: igland < ieg <-> ang: ealand |
| eng |
definition |
origin |
| key |
a small metal instrument specially cut to fit into a lock and move its bolt |
ang: cæg |
| kidney |
either of a pair of bean-shaped organs in the back part of the abdominal cavity that form and excrete urine, regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, and act as endocrine glands |
unknown |
| king |
a male sovereign or monarch; a man who holds by life tenure, and usually by hereditary right, the chief authority over a country and people |
ang: cyning |
| kitchen |
a room or place equipped for cooking |
ang: cycene < vlat: *cocina < lat: coquina |
| knee |
the joint of the leg that allows for movement between the femur and tibia and is protected by the patella; the central area of the leg between the thigh and the lower leg |
ang: cneo, cneow |
| knife |
an instrument for cutting, consisting essentially of a thin, sharp-edged, metal blade fitted with a handle |
ang: cnif < non: knifr |
| eng |
definition |
origin |
| lake |
a body of fresh or salt water of considerable size, surrounded by land |
fro: lack < lat: lacus |
| lamb |
a young sheep |
ang: lamb |
| language |
a body of words and the systems for their use common to a people who are of the same community or nation, the same geographical area, or the same cultural tradition |
fro: langage < vlat: *linguaticum < lat: lingua <-> ang: spræc, tunge |
| leg |
either of the two lower limbs of a biped, as a human being, or any of the paired limbs of an animal, arthropod, etc., that support and move the body |
non: leggr <-> ang: sceanca |
| letter (alphabet) |
a symbol or character that is conventionally used in writing and printing to represent a speech sound and that is part of an alphabet |
fro: lettre < lat: littera |
| letter (mail) |
a written or printed communication addressed to a person or organization and usually transmitted by mail |
fro: lettre < lat: littera <-> ang: ærendgewrit |
| life |
the condition that distinguishes organisms from inorganic objects and dead organisms, being manifested by growth through metabolism, reproduction, and the power of adaptation to environment through changes originating internally |
ang: life |
| lion |
a large, usually tawny-yellow cat, Panthera leo, native to Africa and southern Asia, having a tufted tail and, in the male, a large mane |
fro: lion < lat: leonem < leo < grc: λέων |
| lip |
either of the two fleshy parts or folds forming the margins of the mouth and functioning in speech |
ang: lippa |
| louse |
any small, wingless insect of the order Anoplura (sucking louse), parasitic on humans and other mammals and having mouthparts adapted for sucking, as Pediculus humanus (body louse or head louse) and Phthirius pubis (crab louse or pubic louse) |
ang: lus |
| eng |
definition |
origin |
| man |
an adult male person, as distinguished from a boy or a woman |
ang: man, mann <-> ang: guma |
| meat |
the flesh of animals as used for food |
ang: mete <-> ang: flæsc |
| middle |
the point, part, position, etc., equidistant from extremes or limits |
ang: middel |
| milk |
an opaque white or bluish-white liquid secreted by the mammary glands of female mammals, serving for the nourishment of their young |
ang: meoluc, milc |
| minute |
a unit of time equal to one sixtieth of an hour, or 60 seconds |
fro: minut < mlat: minuta |
| mirror |
a reflecting surface, originally of polished metal but now usually of glass with a silvery, metallic, or amalgam backing |
fro: mireor < miradoir < mirer < vlat: *mirare < lat:
mirari |
| money |
any circulating medium of exchange, including coins, paper money, and demand deposits |
fro: moneie < lat: moneta <-> ang: gield |
| monkey; ape |
any of a group of anthropoid primates characterized by long arms, a broad chest, and the absence of a tail, comprising the family Pongidae (great ape), which includes the chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan, and the family Hylobatidae (lesser ape), which includes the gibbon and siamang |
gml: *moneke / dum: *monnekijn; ang: apa |
| month |
any of the twelve parts, as January or February, into which the calendar year is divided |
ang: monað |
| mother |
a female parent |
ang: modor |
| mountain |
a natural elevation of the earth’s surface rising more or less abruptly to a summit, and attaining an altitude greater than that of a hill |
fro: montaigne < vlat: *montanea < *montaneus < lat: montanus < mons <-> ang: beorg, berg |
| mouse |
any of numerous small Old World rodents of the family Muridae, esp. of the genus Mus, introduced widely in other parts of the world |
ang: mus |
| mouth |
the opening through which an animal or human takes in food |
ang: muþ |
| music |
an art of sound in time that expresses ideas and emotions in significant forms through the elements of rhythm, melody, harmony, and color |
fro: musique < lat: musica < grc: μουσική |
| eng |
definition |
origin |
| name |
a word or a combination of words by which a person, place, or thing, a body or class, or any object of thought is designated, called, or known |
ang: nama |
| nature |
the material world, esp. as surrounding humankind and existing independently of human activities |
fro: nature < lat: natura |
| needle |
a small, slender, rodlike instrument, usually of polished steel, with a sharp point at one end and an eye or hole for thread at the other, for passing thread through cloth to make stitches in sewing |
ang: næðlæ, nedlæ |
| neighbo(u)r |
a person who lives near another |
ang: neahgebur, nehebur |
| new |
of recent origin, production, purchase, etc.; having but lately come or been brought into being |
ang: neowe, niowe < niwe |
| night |
the period of darkness between sunset and sunrise |
ang: niht, neaht, næht, neht |
| nose |
the part of the face or facial region in humans and certain animals that contains the nostrils and the organs of smell and functions as the usual passageway for air in respiration; in humans it is a prominence in the center of the face formed of bone and cartilage, serving also to modify or modulate the voice |
ang: nosu |
| number |
a numeral or group of numerals |
xno: noumbre < fro: nombre < lat: numerus |
| eng |
definition |
origin |
| oil |
any of a large class of substances typically unctuous, viscous, combustible, liquid at ordinary temperatures, and soluble in ether or alcohol but not in water: used for anointing, perfuming, lubricating, illuminating, heating, etc. |
xno/fro: olie < fro: oile < lat: oleum < grc: ἒλαιον |
| old (not new) |
having been for a comparatively long time |
ang: ald, eald |
| old (not young) |
far advanced in the years of one’s life |
ang: ald, eald |
| olive |
the fruit of an evergreen tree, Olea europaea, of Mediterranean and other warm regions |
fro: olive < lat: oliva < grc: ἐλαία |
| onion |
a plant, Allium cepa, of the amaryllis family, having an edible, succulent, pungent bulb |
xno: union < fro: oignon < lat: unionem < unio <-> ang: hramsa |
| or |
used to connect words, phrases, or clauses representing alternatives |
ang: oþþr < oþþe |
| owl |
any of numerous, chiefly nocturnal birds of prey, of the order Strigiformes, having a broad head with large, forward-directed eyes that are usually surrounded by disks of modified feathers |
ang: ule |
| ox |
the adult castrated male of the genus Bos, used chiefly as a draft animal |
ang: oxa |
| eng |
definition |
origin |
| page |
one side of a leaf of something printed or written, as a book, manuscript, or letter |
frm: page < fro: pagine < lat: pagina |
| pain |
physical suffering or distress, as due to injury, illness, etc. |
fro: peine < lat: poena < grc: ποινή |
| paper |
a substance made from wood pulp, rags, straw, or other fibrous material, usually in thin sheets, used to bear writing or printing, for wrapping things, etc. |
xno: paper < fro: papier < lat: papyrus |
| pea |
the round, edible seed of a widely cultivated plant, Pisum sativum, of the legume family |
enm: pease (mistaken for pl.) < ang: pise, piose < lat: pisa < pisum < grc: πίσον |
| peace |
the normal, nonwarring condition of a nation, group of nations, or the world |
xno: pes < fro: pais < lat: pacem < pax <-> ang: frið; sibb |
| peach |
the subacid, juicy, drupaceous fruit of a tree, Prunus persica, of the rose family |
fro: pesche < mlat: pesca < lat: pessica < persica < malum Persicum < grc: Περσικὸν μῆλον |
| pear |
the edible fruit, typically rounded but elongated and growing smaller toward the stem, of a tree, Pyrus communis, of the rose family |
ang: pere, peru < vlat: *pira < lat: pira < pirum |
| people |
the entire body of persons who constitute a community, tribe, nation, or other group by virtue of a common culture, history, religion, or the like |
xno: people / fro: peupel < lat: populus <-> ang: folc |
| pepper |
a pungent condiment obtained from various plants of the genus Piper, esp. from the dried berries, used whole or ground, of the tropical climbing shrub Piper nigrum |
ang: pipor < lat: piper < grc: πιπέρι << san: पिप्पलि (pippali) |
| petroleum; oil |
an oily, thick, flammable, usually dark-colored liquid that is a form of bitumen or a mixture of various hydrocarbons, occurring naturally in various parts of the world and commonly obtained by drilling; used in a natural or refined state as fuel, or separated by distillation into gasoline, naphtha, benzene, kerosene, paraffin, etc. |
mlat: petroleum |
| pig |
any stout, cloven-hoofed artiodactyl of the Old World family Suidae, having a thick hide sparsely covered with coarse hair, a disklike snout, and an often short, tasseled tail; now of worldwide distribution and hunted or raised for its meat and other products |
ang: *picg <-> ang: swin; fearh |
| pigeon; dove |
any bird of the family Columbidae, having a compact body and short legs |
fro: pijon <? vlat: *pibionem < lat: pipionem < pipio; ang: dufe- |
| planet |
any of the eight large heavenly bodies revolving about the sun and shining by reflected light: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, or Neptune in the order of their proximity to the sun |
ang: planet < fro: planete < lat: planeta < grc: πλανήτης (ἀστήρ) |
| plum |
the drupaceous fruit of any of several trees belonging to the genus Prunus, of the rose family, having an oblong stone |
ang: plume < vlat: *pruna < lat: prunum < grc: πρόυνον < πρόυμνον |
| poison |
a substance with an inherent property that tends to destroy life or impair health |
fro: puison < lat: potionem < potio <-> ang: ator |
| potato |
the edible tuber of a cultivated plant, Solanum tuberosum, of the nightshade family |
spa: patata < Carib: batata |
| prayer |
a devout petition to God or an object of worship |
fro: preiere < vlat: *precaria < lat: precaria <-> ang: gebed |
| prophet |
a person who speaks for God or a deity, or by divine inspiration |
fro: prophete < lat: propheta < grc: προφήτης |
| eng |
definition |
origin |
| question |
a sentence in an interrogative form, addressed to someone in order to get information in reply |
xno: questiun / fro: question < lat: quaestionem < quaestio |
| eng |
definition |
origin |
| rain |
water that is condensed from the aqueous vapor in the atmosphere and falls to earth in drops |
ang: regn |
| red |
any of various colors resembling the color of blood; the primary color at one extreme end of the visible spectrum, an effect of light with a wavelength between 610 and 780 nm |
ang: read |
| religion |
a set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe, esp. when considered as the creation of a superhuman agency or agencies, usually involving devotional and ritual observances, and often containing a moral code governing the conduct of human affairs |
xno: religiun < fro: religion < lat: religionem < religio |
| river |
a natural stream of water of fairly large size flowing in a definite course or channel or series of diverging and converging channels |
fro: riviere < vlat: *riparia < lat: riparius <-> ang: ea |
| road |
a long, narrow stretch with a smoothed or paved surface, made for traveling by motor vehicle, carriage, etc., between two or more points |
ang: rad <-> ang: weg |
| rock |
a large mass of stone forming a hill, cliff, promontory, or the like |
ang: rocc / fro: roque < mlat: rocca < vlat: *rocca |
| roof |
the external upper covering of a house or other building |
ang: hrof <-> ang: þæc |
| room |
a portion of space within a building or other structure, separated by walls or partitions from other parts |
ang: rum |
| rose |
the flower of any of the wild or cultivated, usually prickly-stemmed, pinnate-leaved, showy-flowered shrubs of the genus Rosa |
ang: rose < lat: rosa << grc: ῥόδον |
| eng |
definition |
origin |
| salt |
a crystalline compound, sodium chloride, NaCl, occurring as a mineral, a constituent of seawater, etc., and used for seasoning food, as a preservative, etc. |
ang: sealt |
| sand |
the more or less fine debris of rocks, consisting of small, loose grains, often of quartz |
ang: sand |
| school |
an institution where instruction is given, esp. to persons under college age |
ang: scol < lat: schola < grc: σχολή |
| sea |
the salt waters that cover the greater part of the earth’s surface |
ang: sæ |
| season |
one of the four periods of the year (spring, summer, autumn, and winter), beginning astronomically at an equinox or solstice, but geographically at different dates in different climates |
fro: seison < lat: sationem < satio |
| second |
the sixtieth part of a minute of time |
fro: seconde < mlat: secunda < lat: secunda pars minuta |
| sheep |
any of numerous ruminant mammals of the genus Ovis, of the family Bovidae, closely related to the goats, esp. Ovis aries, bred in a number of domesticated varieties |
ang: sceap, scep |
| ship |
a vessel, esp. a large oceangoing one propelled by sails or engines |
ang: scip |
| silk |
the soft, lustrous fiber obtained as a filament from the cocoon of the silkworm |
ang: sioloc, seoloc << Asian language |
| silver |
a white, ductile metallic element, used for making mirrors, coins, ornaments, table utensils, photographic chemicals, conductors, etc.; symbol: Ag; atomic weight: 107.870; atomic number: 47; specific gravity: 10.5 at 20°C |
ang: seolfor |
| sister |
a female offspring having both parents in common with another offspring; female sibling |
ang: sweostor, swuster + non: systir |
| sky |
the region of the clouds or the upper air; the upper atmosphere of the earth |
non: sky <-> ang: heofon |
| snake |
any of numerous limbless, scaly, elongate reptiles of the suborder Serpentes, comprising venomous and nonvenomous species inhabiting tropical and temperate areas |
ang: snaca <-> ang: næddre |
| snow |
a precipitation in the form of ice crystals, mainly of intricately branched, hexagonal form and often agglomerated into snowflakes, formed directly from the freezing of the water vapor in the air |
ang: snaw |
| soap |
a substance used for washing and cleansing purposes, usually made by treating a fat with an alkali, as sodium or potassium hydroxide, and consisting chiefly of the sodium or potassium salts of the acids contained in the fat |
ang: sape |
| son |
a male child or person in relation to his parents |
ang: sunu |
| spider |
any of numerous predaceous arachnids of the order Araneae, most of which spin webs that serve as nests and as traps for prey |
ang: spiþra |
| spoon |
a utensil for use in eating, stirring, measuring, ladling, etc., consisting of a small, shallow bowl with a handle |
ang: spon |
| spring(time) |
the season between winter and summer; in the Northern Hemisphere from the vernal equinox to the summer solstice; in the Southern Hemisphere from the autumnal equinox to the winter solstice |
enm: springing time, spring-time <-> ang: lent |
| star |
any of the heavenly bodies, except the moon, appearing as fixed luminous points in the sky at night |
ang: steorra |
| steel |
any of various modified forms of iron, artificially produced, having a carbon content less than that of pig iron and more than that of wrought iron, and having qualities of hardness, elasticity, and strength varying according to composition and heat treatment; generally categorized as having a high, medium, or low-carbon content |
ang: style |
| stone |
the hard substance, formed of mineral matter, of which rocks consist |
ang: stan |
| storm |
a disturbance of the normal condition of the atmosphere, manifesting itself by winds of unusual force or direction, often accompanied by rain, snow, hail, thunder, and lightning, or flying sand or dust |
ang: storm |
| street |
a public thoroughfare, usually paved, in a village, town, or city, including the sidewalk or sidewalks |
ang: stret, stræt < lat: strata < via strata |
| sugar |
a sweet, crystalline substance, C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁, obtained chiefly from the juice of the sugarcane and the sugar beet, and present in sorghum, maple sap, etc.; used extensively as an ingredient and flavoring of certain foods and as a fermenting agent in the manufacture of certain alcoholic beverages |
fro: sucre < mlat: succarum < ara: سكر (sukkar) < ope: شکر (šakar) < san: शर्करा (śarkarā) |
| summer |
the season between spring and autumn; in the Northern Hemisphere from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox; in the Southern Hemisphere from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox |
ang: sumor |
| swan |
any of several large, stately aquatic birds of the subfamily Anserinae, having a long, slender neck and usually pure-white plumage in the adult |
ang: swan |
| eng |
definition |
origin |
| table |
an article of furniture consisting of a flat, slablike top supported on one or more legs or other supports |
ang: tabele / fro: table < lat: tabula |
| tea |
a somewhat bitter, aromatic beverage that is prepared by infusion in hot water of the dried and prepared leaves of a shrub, Camellia sinensis |
msa: teh + zho (Amoy dialect): 茶 (t'e) / zho: 茶 (chá) |
| tiger |
a large, carnivorous, tawny-colored and black-striped feline, Panthera tigris, of Asia, ranging in several races from India and the Malay Peninsula to Siberia |
ang: tigras (pl.) / fro: tigre < lat: tigris < grc: τίγρις |
| time |
the system of those sequential relations that any event has to any other, as past, present, or future; indefinite and continuous duration regarded as that in which events succeed one another |
ang: tima |
| tobacco |
any of several plants belonging to the genus Nicotiana, of the nightshade family, esp. one of those species, as Nicotiana tabacum, whose leaves are prepared for smoking or chewing or as snuff |
spa: tabaco < an Arawakan (probably Taino) language of the Caribbean |
| today |
this present day |
ang: todæge |
| tomato |
any of several plants belonging to the genus Lycopersicon, of the nightshade family, native to Mexico and Central and South America, esp. the widely cultivated species Lycopersicon lycopersicum, bearing a mildly acid, pulpy, usually red fruit eaten raw or cooked as a vegetable |
enm: tomate < spa: tomate < nah: tomatl |
| tomorrow |
the day following today |
enm: to morewe < ang: to morgenne |
| tongue |
the usually movable organ in the floor of the mouth in humans and most vertebrates, functioning in eating, in tasting, and, in humans, in speaking |
ang: tunge |
| tooth |
one of the hard bodies or processes usually attached in a row to each jaw, serving for the prehension and mastication of food, as weapons of attack or defense, etc., and in mammals typically composed chiefly of dentin surrounding a sensitive pulp and covered on the crown with enamel |
ang: toð |
| tower |
a building or structure high in proportion to its lateral dimensions, either isolated or forming part of a building |
ang: torr / fro: tur < lat: turris |
| tree |
a plant having a permanently woody main stem or trunk, ordinarily growing to a considerable height, and usually developing branches at some distance from the ground |
ang: treo, treow <-> ang: beam |
| truth |
the true or actual state of a matter |
ang: triewð, treowð |
| tulip |
any of various plants belonging to the genus Tulipa, of the lily family, cultivated in many varieties, and having lance-shaped leaves and large, showy, usually erect, cup-shaped or bell-shaped flowers in a variety of colors |
nld / deu: tulpe / fra: tulipe << tur: tülbent < fas: دوابند / dulband |
| eng |
definition |
origin |
| valley |
an elongated depression between uplands, hills, or mountains, esp. one following the course of a stream |
xno: valey / fro: valee < vlat: *vallata < lat: vallis <-> ang: dæl |
| village |
a small community or group of houses in a rural area, larger than a hamlet and usually smaller than a town |
fro: village < lat: villaticum < villa <-> ang: ðorp |
| vinegar |
a sour liquid consisting of dilute and impure acetic acid, obtained by acetous fermentation from wine, cider, beer, ale, or the like; used as a condiment, preservative, etc. |
fro: vinaigre < vin + aigre |
| voice |
the sound or sounds uttered through the mouth of living creatures, esp. of human beings in speaking, shouting, singing, etc. |
fro: voiz < lat: vocem < vox <-> ang: stefn |
| eng |
definition |
origin |
| wall |
any of various permanent upright constructions having a length much greater than the thickness and presenting a continuous surface except where pierced by doors, windows, etc.; used for shelter, protection, or privacy, or to subdivide interior space, to support floors, roofs, or the like, to retain earth, to fence in an area, etc. |
ang: weall < lat: vallum <-> ang: wag |
| war |
a conflict carried on by force of arms, as between nations or between parties within a nation; warfare, as by land, sea, or air |
ang: wyrre, werre < fro: werre < frk: *werra <-> guð; heaðo; hild; wig |
| water |
a transparent, odorless, tasteless liquid, a compound of hydrogen and oxygen, H₂O, freezing at 0°C and boiling at 100°C, that in a more or less impure state constitutes rain, oceans, lakes, rivers, etc.; it contains 11.188% hydrogen and 88.812% oxygen, by weight |
ang: wæter |
| we |
nominative plural of I |
ang: we |
| weather |
the state of the atmosphere with respect to wind, temperature, cloudiness, moisture, pressure, etc. |
ang: weder |
| week |
a period of seven successive days |
ang: wice |
| wheat |
the grain of any cereal grass of the genus Triticum, esp. Triticum aestivum, used in the form of flour for making bread, cakes, etc., and for other culinary and nutritional purposes |
ang: hwæte |
| white |
of the color of pure snow, etc.; reflecting nearly all the rays of sunlight or a similar light |
ang: hwit |
| wind |
air in natural motion, as that moving horizontally at any velocity along the earth’s surface |
ang: wind |
| window |
an opening in the wall of a building, the side of a vehicle, etc., for the admission of air or light, or both, commonly fitted with a frame in which are set movable sashes containing panes of glass |
non: vindauga <-> ang: eagþyrl |
| wine |
the fermented juice of grapes, made in many varieties, such as red, white, sweet, dry, still, and sparkling, for use as a beverage, in cooking, in religious rites, etc., and usually having an alcoholic content of 14% or less |
ang: win < lat: vinum |
| wing |
either of the two forelimbs of most birds and of bats, corresponding to the human arms, that are specialized for flight |
non: vængr <-> ang: feðra (pl.) |
| winter |
the cold season between autumn and spring in northern latitudes; in the Northern Hemisphere from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox; in the Southern Hemisphere from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox |
ang: winter |
| wolf |
any of several large carnivorous mammals of the genus Canis, of the dog family Canidae, esp. Canis lupus, usually hunting in packs, formerly common throughout the Northern Hemisphere but now chiefly restricted to the more unpopulated parts of its range |
ang: wulf |
| woman |
the female human being, distinguished from man |
ang: wimman < wifman <-> ang: wif; cwean |
| wool |
the fine, soft, curly hair that forms the fleece of sheep and certain other animals, characterized by minute, overlapping surface scales that give it its felting property |
ang: wull |
| word |
a unit of language, consisting of one or more spoken sounds or their written representation, that functions as a principal carrier of meaning |
ang: word |
| world |
the earth or a part of it, with its inhabitants, affairs, etc. |
ang: woruld, worold |
| worm |
any of numerous long, slender, soft-bodied, legless, bilaterally symmetrical invertebrates, including the flatworms, roundworms, acanthocephalans, nemerteans, gordiaceans, and annelids |
ang: wurm, wyrm |
| eng |
definition |
origin |
| year |
a period of 365 or 366 days, in the Gregorian calendar, divided into 12 calendar months, now reckoned as beginning Jan. 1 and ending Dec. 31 |
ang: gear, ger |
| yellow |
a color like that of egg yolk, ripe lemons, etc.; the primary color between green and orange in the visible spectrum, an effect of light with a wavelength between 570 and 590 nm |
ang: geolu, geolwe |
| yesterday |
on the day preceding this day |
ang: geostran dæg < gestaron |
| young |
being in the first or early stage of life or growth; youthful; not old |
ang: geong |